Botulinum toxin and neuromodulation for overactive bladder treatment
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Botulinum toxin and neuromodulation for overactive bladder treatment

Turk J Obstet Gynecol 2013;10(1):9-15 DOI: 10.5505/tjod.2013.32815
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Abstract

The overactive bladder (OAB) is a symptom complex characterized by urgency with /without urge incontinence, and often associated with frequency and nocturia. First-line therapy for OAB includes behavioral therapies and anticholinergic drugs. Although a large number of patients respond to conservative or pharmacological therapy or a combination of the two, some patients are refractory and require additional options for intervention. Botulinum toxin therapy and neuromodulation are frequently used treatment options in refractory OAB patients.

Keywords: Overactive bladder, botulinum toxin, neuromodulation